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五个关于父亲的事实有科学依据

2022年07月26日 · 家家有本育儿经 · 232人阅读

做母亲很难。毫无疑问。但别搞错了，做个父亲这并不容易。要成为一个好父亲，你需要成为一个开明、有纪律的人，树立榜样，允许他的孩子犯错误，挑战他们，陪伴他们，保护他们，并向他们展示无条件的爱。

围绕母亲及其从怀孕到抚养孩子的经历进行了大量的研究。毕竟，这是合理的。母亲们确实需要在九个月内处理在体内生一个恶棍的问题。但不时会有一项研究让我们更好地了解父亲的身份重要性。

下面是科学告诉我们关于父亲的五件事：

Being a mother is tough. There’s no question about it. But make no mistake, being a father isn’t an easybreezy walk in the park, either. Being a good father entails being an open-minded disciplinarian who leads by example, allows his kids to make mistakes, challenges them, spends time with them, protects them, and shows them unconditional love.

A lot of research has been done surrounding mothers and their experiences from pregnancy to raising their children. It does makes sense, after all, mothers do have to deal with the whole growing-a-tiny-human-inside-of-themselves thing for nine months. But every now and then, a study will come out to give us better insight into fatherhood and its importance.

Here are 5 things to know about being a father, according to science:

由于“爱情荷尔蒙”，父亲和孩子建立关系

Dads bond with their children thanks to the "love hormone"

众所周知，母亲的荷尔蒙激增和随后的依恋关系。但事实上，父亲也会释放大量的荷尔蒙。

研究表明，在新生儿出生的头几周，新父亲的催产素（也称为爱情激素）水平有所提高。催产素可以让新父亲和婴儿建立亲密关系，让他们更有可能投入到至关重要的玩耍时间。

A mother's hormone surge and subsequent attachment bonding at the birth of a new baby is a well-known concept. But dads release plenty of hormones, too.

Studies have suggested that new fathers have increased levels of oxytocin, aka the "love hormone," during a newborn's first weeks. Oxytocin allows new dads to bond with their babies, making it more likely that they'll engage in that all-important playtime

做家务多的父亲会有抱负的女儿

Dads who do more chores have daughters with high aspirations

2014年发表在《心理科学》上的一项研究发现，父母的家庭行为比言语更有说服力。例如，即使一位父亲提倡女权主义，如果他像传统家庭一样把所有的家务都留给妻子，女儿们也会记住这一点，并倾向于想象自己在传统上由女性主导。

愿意帮忙做家务的父亲渴望从事不那么传统、收入更高的职业。所以，就像约翰一样·梅尔说：做父亲，对女儿好一点，洗一两个盘子。

In a 2014 study published in Psychological Science, it was found that parents' domestic actions spoke louder than words. As in, even though a father preached all things feminism, if he left all the household duties to his wife, as "traditional" families tend to do, daughters will remember that and tend to envision themselves in traditionally female-dominant jobs.

Fathers who were found to help with household chores had daughters who aspired for less traditional and higher paying careers. So do as John Mayer says: Fathers, be good to your daughters, and wash a dish or two.

与父亲的玩耍时间可以帮助孩子们在未来的生活中建立牢固的关系

Playtime with dads can help kids form strong relationships later in life

父亲和孩子之间的联系会影响孩子将来与他人建立亲密关系的能力。2002年发表的一项研究发现，父亲的游戏敏感性可以预测青少年的依恋表现。游戏敏感性是父亲知道什么时候挑战孩子，什么时候让步。基本上，这种游戏是父子之间的高质量时间，不应被低估。

The bond between father and child can influence the child's ability to form close relationships with other people later in life. A study published in 2002 found that "adolescents' attachment representations were predicted by fathers' play sensitivity," meaning a father's ability to know when to challenge a child and when to back off during playtime. Essentially, this rough-and-tumble play is quality time between a father and child, and it shouldn't be undervalued.

父子互动鼓励他们冒险

The way dads interact with children encourages them to take risks

玩耍已经被证明有助于教孩子如何控制自己的身体和情绪，鼓励他们冒险，从长远来看更有抱负。甚至父亲抱孩子的方式也会产生影响。加州立大学富勒顿分校教授梅兰妮·马勒斯告诉赫芬顿邮报，父亲倾向于抱着孩子向外看，而母亲倾向于把孩子面对自己。

马勒斯说，这种微妙的差异实际上是父亲鼓励孩子冒险的一种方式，这有利于孩子未来的生活，因为他们有能力融入环境，感到自信，解决问题，应对压力。

Play has been shown to help teach children how to control their bodies as well as their emotions, encouraging them to take risks and be more ambitious in the long term. Even the way fathers hold their children makes a difference. Melanie Mallers, a professor at California State University, Fullerton, told The Huffington Post that dads tend to hold their kids out to the world, while mothers tend to hold their children in, facing them.

This subtle difference is actually a way in which fathers encourage their kids to take risks, Mallers said, which can benefit them later on in life in terms of their ability to engage with their environment, feel confident, solve problems and cope with stress.

父亲的拒绝比母亲的拒绝更能伤害孩子

A father's rejection could hurt a child even more than a mother's rejection

罗纳德和南希·罗内尔人际接受和排斥研究中心发现，父亲的爱往往比母亲的爱更有利于孩子的个性发展。具体来说，父亲的拒绝会导致孩子的行为问题，不安全、焦虑和敌意最终可能导致吸毒、酗酒或上瘾。父亲的拒绝也会阻碍孩子建立信任关系的长期能力。

罗纳德指出，总有例外。在他研究的一些案例中，父母的影响大致相同，或者母亲的爱是更能代表孩子发展的因素。但他发现，一个压倒性的趋势是，拒绝时往往会产生最大的影响。

Ronald and Nancy Rohner Center for the Study of Interpersonal Acceptance and Rejection made the startling discovery that a father's love often contributes to a child's personality development more than that of a mother. Specifically, a father's rejection can cause a child to develop behavioral problems, and the resulting feelings of insecurity, anxiety and hostility can lead, eventually, to drug or alcohol abuse or addiction. Rejection by a father can also hinder a child's long-term ability to form trusting relationships.

Ronald notes that there are always exceptions, and that in some of the cases he looked at, the influence of both parents was about equal, or a mother's love was the factor more indicative of a child's development. But the overwhelming trend he found was that dads tend to wield the most influence when it comes to rejection.

许多父亲在过去几十年的社会化中，许多父亲改变了他们与孩子的关系。随着妇女在劳动力市场的不断繁荣，父亲将越来越受到鼓励养育孩子的道路与孩子建立了牢固的联系。

今天是父亲节，抽出时间表扬所有伟大的父亲是件不错的事，诚心感谢他们所做的一切。

Amid the social and cultural shifts of the past few decades, many dads have altered the ways in which they relate to their children. And as women continue to thrive in the workforce, dads will be more and more encouraged to step up to the parenting plate and form strong, nurturing bonds with their kids.

Today is Father’s Day, let’s take the time out to appreciate all the great dads out there and thank them for everything they do.

（来源：525心理网）

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